The 1064nm lithium niobate (LiNbO₃) low half-wave output voltage quadrature phase modulator uses titanium diffusion or proton process exchange to make optical waveguides. The input and output devices are precisely obliquely coupled to the waveguide, and the electro-optical effect of the lithium niobate material is used to achieve the phase of the optical signal. Poor modulation.

Titanium diffusion (Ti-indiffusion) or proton exchange (APE) waveguide processes can achieve bipolar or uniaxial phase modulation respectively.

Intensity Modulator Specifications

These modulators are designed for use at the specified wavelengths. Using the modulator at other wavelengths may cause an increase in the optical loss that is not covered under warranty. In some cases, this loss can be temporary; for instance, the increase in loss caused by shorter wavelengths can usually be reversed by heating the modulator to 80 °C for an hour.

The LIM-1550-B-PA includes a bias circuit that couples the DC bias onto the RF drive electrode. Depending on the application, an external DC block may be needed at the RF input.

What is the Pockel's Effect?

Both our phase and our amplitude modulators are based upon the Pockel's effect: the electro-optic effect where the refractive index along one or more axes is proportional to an externally applied electric field. Therefore, by applying a voltage across the electrodes of an electro-optic crystal, you can change the phase of light as it passes through the crystal. By placing the crystal between crossed polarizers, this phase modulation can be converted into amplitude modulation.